- 1Netbooting Apple Mac
- 1.1Using stones (aka startup keys)
- 1.1.1ISC DHCP Server
- 1.2Using bless
- 1.1Using stones (aka startup keys)
Netbooting Apple Mac
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Intel Macintoshs all use (U)EFI - where common PCs have a BIOS - to bootstrap and to some extent talk to hardware. Several different ways exist to make those Macs boot from network. Depending on your preference and setup choose whichever suites you.
Untested hint: Verbose Mac OS boot: sudo /usr/sbin/nvram boot-args='-v' (https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/macenterprise/y1RnrjpvSr4)
Using stones (aka startup keys)
On startup (when you hear the sound, before Apple sign comes up) you can hold down different keys to make the Mac boot from network. Apple uses a kind of special protocol called BSDP which is partly similar to the well known DHCP protocol. But there is more to it. Find a detailed explanation here if you want to dig into it. This method is called 'Using stones' as people use stones or other similar objects to boot a whole lab of Mac clients by putting a stone on the keyboard to hold down the 'n' key - but there are other ways to achieve this too!
ISC DHCP Server
To make a Mac client boot from network you need to extend your DHCP server configuration. Add the following option to your subnet section:
To issue special answers to Mac clients you also need to define a class:
Important note: This simple config might only work with older Mac OS clients like MacBook1,1, MacBook6.2 and others. For newer models you need the advanced config
Linked (itch) (batuaytemiz) mac os. Restart the DHCP server after saving the configuration. Then booting up your Mac client hold down the 'n' key and you will see a globe spinning instead of the usual apple sign. The Mac requests an IP from the DHCP server which advises it to load iPXE via TFTP and boot that up.
architecture
That was easy. So now we can go into the details of delivering different iPXE binaries for varying Mac platforms:
Important note: This simple config might only work with older Mac OS clients like MacBook1,1, MacBook6.2 and others. For newer models you need the advanced config
To lookup Mac models and their architecture/CPU this website comes in very handy!
fancy
Newer Macs also have a fancy version of network booting. Hold down the 'alt' key and you will see different disks and network images to boot from. To make this work you need to modify the class definition:
Important note: This advanced config is proved to work with Macmini5,2, Macmini6,2, Macbook1,1, Macbook6,1, iMac12,1 and Macbookpro9,2
For more information about the rows of hex numbers see this excellent example. And here you can find a even more advanced example configuration.
Startup Disk
When using a proper Mac OS X server one can configure a NetBoot device/server in System Preferences -> Startup Disk. See here:
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Unfortunatelly our previously configured NetBoot ISC DHCP server is not showing up in that dialog. It's just one simple thing preventing that. Mac OS sends a DHCPINFORM broadcast message to enumerate NetBoot images on the network. Usually DHCP messages are sent from UDP source port 68. But not in this case - Startup Disk enumeration sends DHCPINFORM with a random source port smaller 1024 (don't ask me why!). Here you can find a patch to make ICS DHCP server answer those messages properly.
DNSmasq
As well as ISC DHCP also dnsmasq can be configured to serve as netboot server for Mac clients:
Note: Only works with old Macs like Macbook1,1 and Macbook6,1..
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Add those five lines to your configuration, save and restart the service. Try booting one of your Macintoshs holding down the 'n' key while it comes up. You should see a globe - instead of the apple - on the screen!
The more advanced config for dnsmasq looks like this:
This still does not address the issue of selecting the correct iPXE binary for 32 or 64 bit.
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Using bless
An Apple Mac can be 'blessed' to boot from whichever source you want via commandline. Drake casino free spins. This setting is saved in NVRAM and not changed by cloning your Macs via FOG. I'd suggest activating SSH on your Macs and use clusterssh to bless all of them without having walk to and login to each and every client.
To 'bless' your Mac turn it on and let it boot up as usual. How can i open mdb file. Login and open the Terminal App and run the following command (use a proper IP instead of x.x.x.x):
According to this website the bless command is part of Mac OS X since 10.4.5. Earlier versions probably don't work that way!
No special DHCP configuration is needed for this! BUT if your server ip changes for example you'd have to run this command on all your clients again.
Culprits
Newer Mac OS X releases do not allow blessing as is. You need to allow using the address with a tool called csrutil. See here for more details: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT205054
iPXE for Macintosh
As noted earlier there is a fundamental difference between Mac-EFI and PC-BIOS. Not just with configuring network boot but also when it comes to the binary being loaded via TFTP and executed on the client. To make iPXE work on Macs a lot of work has been done in 2014. Check out this thread if you are interested in the details: http://forum.ipxe.org/showthread.php?tid=7323
The mentioned DHCP class should point the client to the correct iPXE binary (ipxe.efi). FOG includes this binary in current SVN development tree or you can download a binary from the repository if you are still using an older version of FOG: https://svn.code.sf.net/p/freeghost/code/trunk/packages/tftp/
Depending on the hardware you have this might work for you straight away. If not, please get in contact with us on the forums so we can work on it to find a solution!!
Working devices
Macbook1,1 ..
Macbook6,1 (W89452MK8PX), nVidia NForce MCP79 (PCI ID 10de:0ab0) - http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/macbook/specs/macbook-core-2-duo-2.26-white-13-polycarbonate-unibody-late-2009-specs.html
Macmini5,2 (C07G3W4ADJD1), Broadcom NetXtreme BCM57765 (PCI ID 14e4:16b4) - http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac-mini-core-i5-2.5-mid-2011-specs.html
Macmini6,2 (C07LR0UQDY3H), Broadcom NetXtreme BCM57766 (PCI ID 14e4:1686) - http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac-mini-core-i7-2.6-late-2012-specs.html
Notes from developers
Apple and its proprietary way of doing things. Simple explanation, netboot is not pxe boot. OS X is very picky about netboot. The efi iPxe file first must be named boot.efi as well as match the architecture of the machine that is booting (for you thats 64 bit) secondly not all ethernet or wifi adapters will be visible to iPxe after handoff. DHCP must point to that file as well as the boot file also.
Basically you have a few options but I will line out what we do. When I create an image, on the 'master' machine I create the smallest partition possible. In that partition I add the folders:/System/Library/CoreServices/
After that I add the 64 or 32 bit ipxe file naming it boot.efi. Again for you thats a 64 bit file
Now on reboot, hold down option and select that partition. If it is able to find your nics and boot to FOG then you are in good shape!!. If it works copy the partition you just created to a usb disk. Now use that to boot your machines. Realize that you can simply select the usb disk in the boot manager and once iPxe loads up pull it out, and use it on another machine (if you are doing multiple machines). Because of limitations in iPxe do not expect a pretty FOG Menu. No background picture and such.
If your nics are not visible to the efi iPXE then you will need to use the undionly.kpxe file.
Reference: https://forums.fogproject.org/topic/7358/cannot-boot-macbook-7-1-from-pxe/9
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Using bless
An Apple Mac can be 'blessed' to boot from whichever source you want via commandline. Drake casino free spins. This setting is saved in NVRAM and not changed by cloning your Macs via FOG. I'd suggest activating SSH on your Macs and use clusterssh to bless all of them without having walk to and login to each and every client.
To 'bless' your Mac turn it on and let it boot up as usual. How can i open mdb file. Login and open the Terminal App and run the following command (use a proper IP instead of x.x.x.x):
According to this website the bless command is part of Mac OS X since 10.4.5. Earlier versions probably don't work that way!
No special DHCP configuration is needed for this! BUT if your server ip changes for example you'd have to run this command on all your clients again.
Culprits
Newer Mac OS X releases do not allow blessing as is. You need to allow using the address with a tool called csrutil. See here for more details: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT205054
iPXE for Macintosh
As noted earlier there is a fundamental difference between Mac-EFI and PC-BIOS. Not just with configuring network boot but also when it comes to the binary being loaded via TFTP and executed on the client. To make iPXE work on Macs a lot of work has been done in 2014. Check out this thread if you are interested in the details: http://forum.ipxe.org/showthread.php?tid=7323
The mentioned DHCP class should point the client to the correct iPXE binary (ipxe.efi). FOG includes this binary in current SVN development tree or you can download a binary from the repository if you are still using an older version of FOG: https://svn.code.sf.net/p/freeghost/code/trunk/packages/tftp/
Depending on the hardware you have this might work for you straight away. If not, please get in contact with us on the forums so we can work on it to find a solution!!
Working devices
Macbook1,1 ..
Macbook6,1 (W89452MK8PX), nVidia NForce MCP79 (PCI ID 10de:0ab0) - http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/macbook/specs/macbook-core-2-duo-2.26-white-13-polycarbonate-unibody-late-2009-specs.html
Macmini5,2 (C07G3W4ADJD1), Broadcom NetXtreme BCM57765 (PCI ID 14e4:16b4) - http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac-mini-core-i5-2.5-mid-2011-specs.html
Macmini6,2 (C07LR0UQDY3H), Broadcom NetXtreme BCM57766 (PCI ID 14e4:1686) - http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac-mini-core-i7-2.6-late-2012-specs.html
Notes from developers
Apple and its proprietary way of doing things. Simple explanation, netboot is not pxe boot. OS X is very picky about netboot. The efi iPxe file first must be named boot.efi as well as match the architecture of the machine that is booting (for you thats 64 bit) secondly not all ethernet or wifi adapters will be visible to iPxe after handoff. DHCP must point to that file as well as the boot file also.
Basically you have a few options but I will line out what we do. When I create an image, on the 'master' machine I create the smallest partition possible. In that partition I add the folders:/System/Library/CoreServices/
After that I add the 64 or 32 bit ipxe file naming it boot.efi. Again for you thats a 64 bit file
Now on reboot, hold down option and select that partition. If it is able to find your nics and boot to FOG then you are in good shape!!. If it works copy the partition you just created to a usb disk. Now use that to boot your machines. Realize that you can simply select the usb disk in the boot manager and once iPxe loads up pull it out, and use it on another machine (if you are doing multiple machines). Because of limitations in iPxe do not expect a pretty FOG Menu. No background picture and such.
If your nics are not visible to the efi iPXE then you will need to use the undionly.kpxe file.
Reference: https://forums.fogproject.org/topic/7358/cannot-boot-macbook-7-1-from-pxe/9
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Articles related to ISC-DHCP
Introduction
The error message 'this version of macos 10.14 cannot be installed on this computer' is another last one you see. This message will appear while trying to update Mac OS and not able to complete the process or operation. Apart from the error message, it is not meant that the installation will not work. It is a failure for that one time. Due to numerous reasons, this error message may occur during installation. However, you can work with a few steps to make your Mac OS functional and back-up.
Causes for 'this version of macos 10.14 cannot be installed on this computer' Error Message
There are numerous issues to cause or create this issue. However, you can get a clear idea from the popping error message. Find below the some message of 'this version of macos 10.14 cannot be installed on this computer' beneath the warning:
- An error occurred while verifying firmware
- Storage system repair or verify failed
- Unable to mount volume for repair
- An error occurred while installing macos
- The pat /System/Installation/Packages/OSInstall.mpkg appears to be missing or damaged
These error messages will offer more information and point to different installation stages that have failed. You can work on the below-mentioned fixes & steps to resolve this error message.
Resolving the 'this version of macos 10.14 cannot be installed on this computer' Error Message
The error 'this version of macos 10.14 cannot be installed on this computer' can be resolved by following the steps:
Recovery Mode Installation
You can get rid of this error message by installing the Mac OS using the recovery mode:
- Reboot your Mac computer by press & hold the Command + R keys until the Apple logo appears.
- There are two choice provided within the MacOS Utilities. Make use of the Time Machine Backup, if you had already installed for backing up your Mac OS. If not, you can try reinstalling the Mac OS.
- Choose your preferred option.
- For reinstalling Mac OS, restart your system and navigate to the System Preferences menu. Press the Software Update option and select the 'Update your Mac' to install the available latest version.
Make use of Combo Updater
If possible to quit the installer and restart the system in Safe Mode then use the Combo Updater tool. It is available from the Apple's official website. On all the Mac OS, the combo updater will install the required files on your Mac computer. The downloaded version from Apple App store will include only the specific Mac OS files. Even if the App Store version is not working then the Combo Updater will assist to make it working.
Resetting the NVRAM
The NVRAM available on your Mac computer will store the information even after restarting or shutting down your system. Most of the regular RAM will automatically flush the information after restarting the system. The internal battery for your Mac computer will supply the power to the NVRAM for storage. It is also possible to reset the NVRAM to resolve the error message. This tricky process will need some help to work on.
Reboot your Mac computer by press & hold the Command + R + P + Alt (Optional) keys simultaneously. Wait for some time to hear the chime start-up sound. When compared to the normal restart, it will take time and restart the system twice. After resetting the NVRAM, it resolves the 'this version of macos 10.14 cannot be installed on this computer' error message.
Freeing up Space
It is essential that your main drive should have 20 GB space for downloading, installing, & updating the Mac OS. No more free space then remove the junk files for freeing up the space. CleanMyMac X is one of the most popular apps which is easiest and quickest method to follow. It will clear numerous spaces on your Mac system by following the below steps:
- Download and install the CleanMyMac X free edition tool
- Within the sidebar, select the Smart Scan option.
- Tap the Scan icon.
- After completing the scanning process, press Review Details to view the files. You can also tap the Run option to immediately delete the files.
Rebooting the Mac System in Safe Mode
Safe Mode feature will disable the launching agents, startup items, and others apart from minimum MacOS for launching. Press and hold the Power button for rebooting your Mac computer through the Apple menu. Just press the Shift icon until the Apple logo appears.
You can perform numerous things to resolve 'this version of macos 10.14 cannot be installed on this computer' error message. If you are experiencing space-related issue then utilize the CleanMyMac X software to remove the junk files. If not, you can follow the other above-mentioned troubleshooting steps to fix this error message. You will receive this error only while updating or installing the newer version of Mac operating system.
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